Nabila, Jihan Zulfa (2026) FORMULASI DAN KARAKTERISASI SABUN BATANG BERBASIS MINYAK KELAPA DAN OLIVE OIL DENGAN PENAMBAHAN MINYAK ATSIRI BUNGA MAWAR (Rosa hybrida) SEBAGAI IMPLEMENTASI PRINSIP GREEN CHEMISTRY. S1 thesis, Universitas PGRI Madiun.
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Abstract
This study aims to formulate and characterize bar soap based on coconut oil and olive oil with the addition of rose essential oil (Rosa hybrida) as an implementation of green chemistry principles. Rose essential oil was extracted using the Soxhlet method with n-hexane solvent, followed by simple distillation to separate the solvent from the extract. Extraction was carried out on two material conditions (fresh and dried flowers) with mass variations of 75 g and 100 g, each repeated 4 times. The best essential oil (from fresh flowers 100 g) was then formulated into three variations of bar soap, namely F1 (100% coconut oil), F2 (100% olive oil), and F3 (50:50 combination), with the addition of 5 mL essential oil in each formula. Soap characterization included organoleptic test, pH, foam stability, antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using well diffusion method, as well as hedonic test by 55 panelists. The results showed that essential oil from dried flowers produced larger volume (average 8.8 mL) compared to fresh flowers (2.45 mL), but fresh flowers produced a sharper and fresher aroma. All soap formulas met SNI 3532:2021 standards with pH 9.65–10.61. The highest foam stability was achieved by F1 (95.65%) and F3 (89.47%), while F2 (87.50%) also showed excellent stability. The antibacterial activity of all formulas was classified as weak with inhibition zones of 1.61–3.11 mm. The hedonic test showed that F3 (50:50 combination) was the most preferred formula by panelists with softer texture, more distinctive aroma, and more suitable for the skin, with an estimated price of IDR 3,000 - 4,000. The application of green chemistry principles is reflected in the use of renewable raw materials, relatively safe processes, and biodegradable products. This study shows that the combination of coconut oil and olive oil produces soap with balanced characteristics and has the potential to be developed commercially.
| Item Type: | Thesis/Skripsi/Tugas Akhir (S1) |
|---|---|
| Kata Kunci: | bar soap; coconut oil; green chemistry; olive oil; rose essential oil. |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry T Technology > TP Chemical technology |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknik > Teknik Kimia |
| Depositing User: | NABILA ZULFA JIHAN |
| Date Deposited: | 30 Jul 2026 07:02 |
| Last Modified: | 30 Jul 2026 07:02 |
| URI: | http://eprint.unipma.ac.id/id/eprint/8259 |
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